"Explorations in Quantum Computing" is published by TELOS, The Electronic
Library of Science, a Springer Verlag imprint located in Santa Clara, CA. For
information contact TELOS via the Internet at info@telospub.com.

If you have any problems with the CD-ROM software, or if you want to give us
feedback,  please contact Colin Williams at:

colin@solstice.jpl.nasa.gov
tel: (818) 306 6512

cpw@cs.stanford.edu
tel: (415) 728 2118

===================================================
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING THE MATHEMATICA NOTEBOOKS
===================================================

This CD-ROM includes Mathematica Version 2.2 and Mathematica Version 3.0
Notebooks to accompany the book, "Explorations in Quantum Computing" by Colin
P. Williams and Scott H. Clearwater.

Mathematica is a software system that allows you to perform mathematics on a
computer. The latest version of the software (Version 3.0) was released in
1997. The Mathematica system allows you to mix together numerical, symbolic
and graphical computations within a single programming environment.

Mathematica Notebooks are specially formatted files that contain text,
graphics, animations, and executable Mathematica code. You can use the
MathReader program on the CD-ROM to view the Mathematica Notebooks on your
computer, even if you are not able to run the Mathematica system itself.
However, to get the most out of the CD-ROM files, we recommend that you open
the Notebooks from within the full Mathematica software system. This is
available on most college campuses. Alternatively, a personal copy of
Mathematica can be purchased from Wolfram Research Inc.
(http://www.wolfram.com).  A student version  is available at a discount
price and can often be purchased through college campus bookstores/computer
stores. With the full Mathematica system you will be able to both read the
Notebooks and execute the commands contained in them, yourself. This is very
helpful for developing a feel for the ideas behind quantum computing.

MathReader, a program made available for free by Wolfram Research, Inc.,
allows you to read the Notebooks, and to print them, but not to execute any
of the commands. Six different versions of MathReader are contained on this
CD-ROM in order to allow you to read the Notebooks even if you do not have
access to the Mathematica system itself.

Notebooks created under Mathematica v2.2 have the filename extension *.ma.
Those created under v3.0 have the extension *.nb. MathReader version 3 can
view both *.ma and *.nb notebooks but, MathReader version 2 can view only the
*.ma notebooks.  We included both versions because not everyone has migrated
to using Mathematica v3.0 yet (although they should - it's great!). Moreover,
at the time of pressing the CD-ROM there was still no v3.0 MathReader for
UNIX. If you are completely new to Mathematica we recommend using MathReader
version 3 and the *.nb Notebooks only. The on-line help systems and
installers for v3 MathReaders are far better than their v2 counterparts.

If you are already a Mathematica user, but you haven't switched to
Mathematica v3.0 yet, you are at no disadvantage as the *.ma and *.nb
Notebooks  on the CD-ROM contain the same content even though they look
different stylistically.

To open a Notebook, install either the appropriate version of MathReader or
Mathematica for your computer platform and then double-click on the
Notebook's icon. Alternatively, if you already have access to Mathematica,
start Mathematica as usual, then go to the File menu and select Open. Next,
locate the Notebook file within your personal directory structure and select
it.

Once you have opened a Notebook, you will be able to scroll through it using
a slider on the right hand edge of the page. Each Notebook contains a
mini-tutorial on a specific topic related to quantum computing. You may
follow through the tutorial, executing commands as you go, and then try some
variations on your own.

To execute a command in a Notebook, position the cursor over the command,
click the mouse button, and then hit the SHIFT key and the RETURN key
simultaneously. A single RETURN alone will not work (this was reserved to
allow users to type inputs that spill over several lines). 

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Note that the first time you attempt to evaluate a particular Mathematica
command you may be asked whether you want to "evaluate initialization
cells"?. If confronted with such a question, always hit the "yes" button in
the dialog box that will appear.  By choosing "yes" you are instructing
Mathematica to load in all the definitions for the functions defined in that
Notebook. This is crucial in order to get the software to run.  If you ever
find that you cannot get the software to run the most likely problem is that
you have not initialized the Notebook. In version 3.0 you can force
initialization by going to the Kernel/Evaluation/Evaluate Initialization
menu. In v2.2 you can force initialization by going to the Action/Evaluate
Initialization menu.
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

If you want to try out a lot of new commands, we recommend that you open a
new Notebook (File menu select "New"). Commands are shared between Notebooks.
So your "New" (empty) Notebook will be able to run all of the commands that
appear in any other Notebook that is open at the same time. You can also save
each Notebook as a Package if you want to use the commands within it,
repeatedly, for new experiments of your own. To do this under Mathematica
v3.0 use the File/Save As Special.../Package Format menu option.

If you are new to Mathematica, we recommend that you read the
introductory-to-intermediate level text "Mathematica: A Practical Approach
(Second Edition) by Nancy Blachman & Colin P. Williams, Prentice-Hall (1997).
This book is based on the introductory Mathematica course taught at Stanford
University.   It will teach you everything you need to know to understand the
code in the quantum computing Notebooks.

================
Version 2.2 notes: 
================
The 2.2 Notebooks (*.ma) work without any modification in version 2.2. 

To view the animations in Anims2/Schroed2D.ma 
1. Move that Notebook to your hard drive first. 

2. Open the file.

3. Double click on the cell bracket of the cell that contains the animation
you want to see e.g. "Experiment 2: Double Slit".

4. Double click on the cell bracket of the cell called "Animation" (which
reveals one frame of the animation)

5. Double click on the cell bracket immediately below this graphic (which
reveals all the frames in the animation)

6. Double click on any of these frames then runs the animation.

================
Version 3.0 notes: 
================
The 3.0 Notebooks (*.nb) work without any modification in v3.0.  

To view the animations in Anims3/Schroed2D.ma ...
1. Move that Notebook to your hard drive first. 

2. Attempt to open the (v2.2) file in Mathematica v3.0. When you attempt to
open the file you will be asked if you want to convert it to a v3.0 Notebook
before viewing it. Select "Convert" with the default setting for all other
options. When asked, save the file as Schroed2D.nb on your hard drive. Then
open Schroed2D.nb.

3. Double click on the cell bracket of the cell that contains the animation
you want to see e.g. "Experiment 2: Double Slit".

4. Double click on the cell bracket of the cell called "Animation" (which
reveals one frame of the animation)

5. Double click on the cell bracket immediately below this graphic (which
reveals all the frames in the animation)

6. Double click on any of these frames then runs the animation.

